This use of evidence is good practice for the real world, where most people appreciate brevity. When we cite, we may only need one, two, or ten words to prove our point. We know this practice is not the best, so we need to teach our students to only use the detail, word, phrase, or sentence that is essential. We have all tried to extend our papers with evidence. Because of this requirement, I was tempted to use a longer sentence or even a full paragraph in a paper. I don’t know about you, but in college, I had a ton of professors who had a word or page limit. Essential: We only need to cite the evidence that is the most essential.As teachers, we can help our students become critical thinkers who know the facts and the actual research! Specificity is necessary when teaching our kids how to cite textual evidence! People are lazy and/or uninformed, and instead of doing the hard work of researching, we are content to know generalities. The textual evidence might still be relevant and related, yet it might not be specific enough to connect to the student’s response. Specific: Sometimes, the evidence is vague.Students need to practice rereading, skimming, and annotating, so they can locate the best and most relevant textual support. And the toughest part is the time it takes to find the best support. If there is better evidence, then students need to learn to choose the BEST evidence possible. Relevant: The evidence should directly support the answer to the question.Why do we need to teach our students how to cite textual evidence?.4 Sentence starters for EMBEDDING direct quotes:.Using a word, phrase, or sentence from an online source for a research paper or rhetorical analysis. Using a word, phrase, or sentence from 2 passages like for a paired passage short response or a comparison/contrast paper. Using a word, phrase, or sentence from 1 text like a reading passage, poem, short story, etc. How to CITE TEXTUAL EVIDENCE in various ways:.How to Cite Textual Evidence in 3 Steps:.When using testimonial evidence, introduce the expert whose testimony you are using. Testimonial evidence uses expert opinions to establish credibility and support your ideas. Survey of local high schoolers on dress codes, AP Research project, science fair project resultsĪccording to a survey I conducted last year, more than 50% of local high schoolers feel anxious about the switch to online learning.Įxpert opinions are another great way to support your claims. Pew Research Center, United States Census Bureau, New York Times polls, NORC at the University of Chicago, RAND Survey Research Groupĭuring the pandemic, 54% of working moms have reported feeling they could not focus on work because they are balancing work and parenting responsibilities (Pew Research Center). One-third of people with depression experience symptoms before the age of 17 (Our World in Data). Our World In Data, Mendeley Data, Harvard Dataverse, Climate Change Data Portal, National Geographic Data Center, DataONE Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, one in five physicians has decided to leave medical practice ( Journal of American Medicine). Journal of American Medicine, Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy, Journal of Business & Economic Studies, Studies in Media & Communication Department of Commerce, Environmental Protection Agency, NASA, Federal Trade CommissionĨ0% of marine pollution comes from land-based sources (UNESCO). Show how two texts or experiences compare to each other.Disprove the opinions of your opponents.Demonstrate cause-effect relationships.Show the differences between others' opinions. Without something to back up your claims, the jury is unlikely to believe you. You can tell the jury that you are right. To convince the jury of your claims, you need to provide evidence. The Importance and Purpose of EvidenceĮvidence is important because it shows the reader what you mean and why you are right.įig. Below, we'll go over other types of evidence and how to use them. They're strongest when you pair them with other forms of evidence. But illustrations aren't always convincing on their own. They demonstrate your claims so others can understand them. Temple Grandin, for example, revolutionized how we handle livestock by using her unique view of the world to understand animal behavior. People with autism see the world in a unique way.
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